3.Oh SY. A study on the characteristics of elderly drug addicted suicide attempters: patients requested by the department of mental health medicine at university hospital[master's thesis]. Seoul: Kyung Hee University; 2014). 2–3.
5.Song SJ, Park GJ, Lee JH, Kim SC, Kim H, Lee SW. The characteristics of elderly individuals who attempted suicide by poisoning: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Korea.
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2020;
35(35):e286.
https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e286
6.Lee TY, Kim SR, Cho BJ, Park JH. The analysis of acute drug intoxication in emergency medical center.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 2010;
11(2):750–7.
https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2010.11.2.750
8.Kim JH. Analysis of characteristics of drug intoxication patients in seoul metropolitan area [master's thesis]. Busan: Inje University; 2020). 9–16.
9.Kim B. Epidemiological characteristics of drug intoxication in Korea between 2005 and 2014 [master's thesis]. Daejeon: Konyang University; 2018). 34–42.
10.Pillans PI, Page CB, Ilango S, Kashchuk A, Isbister GK. Self-poisoning by older Australians: a cohort study.
The Medical Journal of Australia 2017;
206(4):164–9.
https://doi.org/10.5694/mja16.00484
11.Kim JH, Cho JS, Kim JJ, Lim YS, Yang HJ, Lee G. Comparison of epidemiology and outcomes of patients with intentional poisoning by age groups: single center observation study.
Journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 2016;
14(2):129–35.
https://doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2016.14.2.129
12.Liisanantti JH, Ohtonen P, Kiviniemi O, Laurila JJ, Ala-Kokko TI. Risk factors for prolonged intensive care unit stay and hospital mortality in acute drug-poisoned patients: an evaluation of the physiologic and laboratory parameters on admission.
Journal of Critical Care 2011;
26(2):160–5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.08.009
15.Maignan M, Pommier P, Clot S, Saviuc P, Debaty R, Briot R, et al. Deliberate drug poisoning with slight symptoms on admission: are there predictive factors for intensive care unit referral? A three‐ year retrospective study.
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 2014;
114(3):281–7.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12132
17.Lee HJ, Choa MH, Han EA, Ko DR, Ko JW, Kong TY, et al. Causative substance and time of mortality presented to emergency department following acute poisoning: 2014-2018 national emergency department information system (NEDIS).
Journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 2021;
19(2):65–71.
https://doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2021.19.2.65
18.Kim JY, Jung HM, Kim JH, Han SB, Kim JS, Paik JH. Prognostic factors of acute poisoning in elderly patient. Journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 2011). 9(2):81–7.
19.Lim SW, Park SM, Lee YH, Lee WW, Ahn JY, Sohn YD, et al. The features and prognoses in organophosphate intoxication according to age.
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society 2013;
17(4):198–204.
https://doi.org/10.4235/jkgs.2013.17.4.198
21.Disease Taxonomy Information Center. Korean standard classification of causes of disease [Internet]. Disease Taxonomy Information Center 2021, [cited 2023 Nov 10]. Available from
https://koicd.kr/kcd/kcd.do
22.KTAS committee of the korean emergency medical association. What is KTAS [Internet]. Seoul: KTAS Committee of the Korean Emergency Medical Association; 2016). [cited 2023 Nov 10]. Available from
http://ktas.org/about/ktas.php
23.Anne KC, Upex A, Bateman DN. Comparison of consciousness level assessment in the poisoned patient using the alert/verbal/painful/unresponsive scale and the glasgow coma scale.
Annals of Emergency Medicine 2004;
44(2):108–13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.03.028
24.Lewis SN, Neal AL, Mary AH, Robert SH, Lewis RG, Neal EF. Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. 9th ed.New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2011). 34.
25.Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Draper EA, Zimmerman JE, Bergner M, Bastos PG, et al. The APACHE III prognostic system: risk prediction of hospital mortality for critically III hospitalized adults.
Chest 1991;
100(6):1619–36.
https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.100.6.1619
26.Jeong IS, Kim MH, Kim JS. Predictive accuracy of severity scoring system: a prospective cohort study using APACHE III in a Korean intensive care unit.
International Journal of Nursing Studies 2003;
40(3):219–26.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(02)00062-7
27.Lee JY, Seo JY, Ahn ME, Lee TH, Park SH, Kim YM, et al. A clinical review of acute poisonings in geriatric patients from rural Gangwon province.
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society 2011;
15(4):200–6.
https://doi.org/10.4235/jkgs.2011.15.4.200
28.Kim W, Kim KH, Shin DW, Park J, Kim H, Jeon W, et al. Characteristics of Korean poisoning patients: retrospective analysis by national emergency department information system.
Journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 2019;
17(2):108–17.
https://doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2019.17.2.108
31.Lee HR, Choi CJ, Park OJ, Kim YS, Choi GO, Kim GS, et al. Adult Nursing. 6th ed.Paju: Sumunsa; 2010). 212–21.
32.Lee DH, Jung JH, Jung KY, Eo EK. Different clinical outcomes by subgroups in organophosphorus poisoning. Journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 2007). 5(1):8–14.
33.Lee DS, Choi KH. A study of predicting the severity following glufosinate ammonium containing herbicide poisoning experienced in single emergency medical institution.
Journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 2019;
17(1):7–13.
https://doi.org/10.22537/jksct.17.1.7
34.Hamdi H, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Hamdi A, Zahed NS. Acid-base disturbances in acute poisoning and their association with survival.
Journal of Critical Care 2016;
35, 84–9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.05.003
35.Seong JS, So HY. Comparative analysis of the accuracy of severity scoring systems for the prediction of healthcare outcomes of intensive care unit patients. Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing 2015). 8(1):71–9.